According to studies, an intersection where at least three fatal crashes have occurred should be considered deadly. Intersections can be dangerous for several reasons:
Running lights: Running a red light or stop sign can cause a collision if other drivers don't have time to react
Converging traffic: Intersections are points where different streams of traffic converge, with vehicles coming from multiple directions and potentially conflicting paths. This complexity increases the likelihood of accidents.
Differing speeds: Vehicles at intersections may be traveling at different speeds, creating a risk of collisions. For example, a driver approaching an intersection might not anticipate the speed at which another vehicle is approaching from a different direction.
Right-of-way conflicts: Intersections have specific rules regarding right-of-way, but drivers don't always follow them correctly. Failure to yield or properly navigate right-of-way situations can lead to accidents.
Limited visibility: Some intersections may have limited visibility due to buildings, vegetation, or other obstructions. This can make it difficult for drivers to see approaching vehicles, pedestrians, or cyclists until they are very close, increasing the risk of collisions.
Distracted driving: Intersections require drivers' full attention to monitor traffic signals, signs, and the movements of other road users. However, distractions such as cell phones, navigation systems, or even conversations with passengers can divert attention and increase the risk of accidents.
Collisions: Collisions with pedestrians and bicyclists, or between oncoming vehicles and motorcycles
Pedestrian and cyclist vulnerability: Intersections are also critical points where pedestrians and cyclists crossroads. Their vulnerability is higher than that of motor vehicles, as they lack the same protection. Failure of drivers to notice or yield to pedestrians and cyclists can lead to severe accidents.
Congestion: Roads and streets meet at intersections, creating a lot of congestion
Signage: Poorly designed or confusing traffic signs, or a lack of road signs
Physics: Right angle (or "T-bone") accidents involve high degrees of momentum changes, which the human body is not designed to survive
To mitigate the risks, traffic engineers and urban planners work on improving intersection design, implementing traffic control devices, and raising awareness about safe driving practices. Driver education, enforcement of traffic laws, and technological advancements in vehicle safety systems are also important factors in reducing intersection accidents.